Modern ecological and meliorative technologies: ideas and developments

The paper presents information about research and developments in the field of hydrotechnic meliorations and their technical support, performed in Volga Scientific-Research Institute of Ecological-Meliorative Technologies. Attention is paid to the development of sprinkling machines and mechanisms for reducing the cost of cultivation of agricultural crops with a significant decrease of irrigation erosion. The authors describe the developed methods, devices, and technologies of irrigation with livestock effluents, meliorative reclamation of soil. The results of studies on the development of modern impervious materials and technologies for repair of linings of channels and hydraulic structures, causes of water losses and measures for saving water during transportation are given. The article provides information about development of methods of nondestructive testing of concrete and soil reclamation hydrotechnical structures on the basis of the relationship between the propagation velocity of ultrasound in the material of structures and their performance characteristics. The article also provides information about the structure of the flow-through reactor operation to change the redox potential of irrigation water, and elements of technology of crop irrigation water with altered redox potential, its influence on development of plants, moreover, research on effects of electrochemically activated water and aqueous solutions of mineral fertilizers on the plants showed the effectiveness of its application for improving germination of seeds, the demand and accelerated development of plants of agricultural crops.