Modern approaches to diagnostics of liver pathophysiology: mechanisms, biomarkers and prospects for clinical application

Modern approaches to diagnostics of liver pathophysiology are based on the study of molecular mechanisms and identification of specific biomarkers reflecting functional and structural changes in the organ. In the context of increasing incidence of such pathologies as cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, diagnostics is of key importance for the timely detection and treatment of these diseases. Particular attention is paid to the use of non-invasive methods, such as blood analysis, elastography and imaging technologies, to assess the degree of liver damage. Studies of biomarkers, including aminotransferases, acute inflammatory proteins, lipid profiles and microRNAs, open up new opportunities for differential diagnostics and outcome prediction.