Modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications in pancreatic head cancer

More than half of all malignant tumors of the pancreatoduodenal region are malignant neoplasms of the pancreas. The urgency of the problem of surgical treatment of tumors of this localization is associated not only with the prevalence and life-threatening nature of the disease, but also with dissatisfaction with the results of this treatment. The purpose of this review is to analyze current data on the most frequent and often life-threatening postoperative complications after surgical treatment of malignant neoplasms of the pancreas. The data of domestic and foreign publications on the topic of the literary review are analyzed. The modern tactics of delayed gastric emptying, the formation of an intraperitoneal abscess, the development of postresection bleeding (depending on the timing of bleeding after surgery on the basis of a specialized classification proposed in 2007 by the International Research Group on Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS), as well as the failure of hepaticoejunoa-nastomosis) are considered. Special attention is paid to the pathogenesis and features of treatment in the development of pancreatic fistula. Despite a number of contradictions in their views, the authors agree on the great role of the perioperative period and the need to individualize patient management tactics using scales for assessing risk factors for the formation of certain postoperative complications.