Current problems of the use of hayfields and pastures under nuclear pollution

An inventory of the condition of hayfields and pastures located on radioactively contaminated soil was conducted on the forage lands of the ravine systems in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe Zone. The objects of the research were soil and plants of sloping agrolandscapes subjected to radioactive contamination. As a result of the research it was found that the natural fertility of the soil on the bottoms of the beams is higher than on the slopes of all exposures. The humus content on the bottoms of the examined beams is higher (5.18-5.63%) than on the slopes (3.82-5.14%). The soil of the slopes is more acidic (pH 4.97-5.36) compared with bottoms (pH 5.46-5.57). A higher yield of grass stands is formed on the bottoms of the beams than in the upper and middle parts of the slopes. Rhizome species of boneless stands ( Bromopsis inermis Leyss ) is the most suitable species for improving the land. Its content in old-growing grass stands reached 92.7-98.0% on the bottom of beams more than 40 years after the tinning. The density of 137Сs pollution of the bottoms of the beams is almost always higher than the middle and top of the slopes. The plants on the slopes of southern exposures accumulated 137Cs, as a rule, more than on northern ones. Under the conditions of radioactive contamination on the leached chernozems of the Tula region, the 137Cs content in the air dry matter did not exceed the norms of veterinary rules (VR13.5 13/06-1) for hay (400 Bq/kg) and was more than an order of magnitude lower, it was possible to obtain regulatory pure good products.