Creation of a perennial grasses new hybrid material by the polycross method

The aim of the study is to obtain new hybrid seed samples of awnless brome and red clover by open cross-pollination of selected parent varieties in polycross nurseries. The work was carried out at the Northern Trans-Urals Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2022-2023. For cross-pollination, 9 parent varieties of awnless brome and red clover with good productivity over 5 years were selected. The parent plants for the nurseries were grown as seedlings, followed by planting in the field according to the 9 × 9 scheme. Each nursery consisted of 81 parent plants. Under field conditions, the plants differed in survival and morphology - the number of shoots and inflorescences, which affected the yield of hybrid seeds. With free cross-pollination of the initial material from 9 parental components in a polycross nursery of awnless brome, hybrid seeds were obtained from 74 parental plants with sample weights from 1 to 14 g. The highest total seed yield from all repetitions (42-57 g) was obtained from 4 parent components: Stepasha, 5-3-8, 8-2-56, 1-11. In the polycross nursery of red clover, hybrid seed samples weighing from 0.3 to 11.5 g and of various colors - from light yellow to yellow-violet - were obtained from 67 surviving plants. The best parent components with a high yield of hybrid seeds (38-61 g) were 3 varieties: Atlant, Saldo, Svetlyachok. The diversity of the obtained hybrid material creates new opportunities for use in breeding.