Soil treatment method as a factor of formation of yield and quality of sowing oats under the conditions of the central Russian forest-steppe

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the influence of methods of basic tillage, of various degrees of intensity, on the yield and quality of oats under the conditions of the Central Russian forest-steppe. The experiment was carried out under the conditions of a long-term stationary experiment of the Department of Agriculture, Agrochemistry and Agricultural Soil science of the FFSBEE HE Orel State Agrarian University on dark gray forest soils. As a result of the research, it was found that plowing with a reversible plow with skimmers has a positive effect on the yield of oats of the Yakov seed variety in the conditions of the Orel region and makes it possible to form a yield of 3.8 t/ha, which differs significantly when grown by other methods of tillage. Higher yields of oats in the variants with plowing are due to the greater mass of grain from one plant and a large number of grains in the panicle. The no-till variant was characterized by increased weediness during the entire growing season of the crop, even despite the use of herbicide treatments. This trend subsequently affected the yield of oats of this option. The rather high yield of oats in the variant with no tillage, compared with the variants of surface tillage, was due to the better preservation of plants for harvesting in this variant. A higher chlorophyll index in the phase of heading on oat plants of variants with plowing may be an indicator of favorable nitrogen nutrition. The calculation of the economic efficiency of the cultivation of oats according to the variants of the experiment showed that it is most profitable to cultivate oats in the conditions of the Orel region against the background of plowing with a reversible plow with skimmers. Also, this technique has a positive effect on the quality of oat grain.