Comparative geographic-genetic characteristics of soil formation based on accumulated phytomass in the soils of anthropogenic landscapes of Western Siberia forest steppe

When studying the direction of soil formation in soils of anthropogenic landscapes of any natural zones and belts, one should always consider primarily biological processes, namely, synthesis, accumulation, mineralization and humification of organic matter. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the leading soil-forming biological processes in the anthropogenic landscapes of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia to determine and compare the soil-ecological status. The tasks were: to determine the soil composition of landscapes based on the morphological properties of soils; to estimate the total phytomass in different types of soils of anthropogenic landscapes and compare it with the phytomass of zonal soils; determine the leading biological processes occurring in soils. The research was based on comparative morphological, comparative genetic and comparative geographical methods. The article deals with soil-biological processes that occur in the anthropogenic landscapes of the forest-steppe. It was found that the soil cover is mosaic. In its composition, humusogenic technozems and all types of embryozems are morphologically determined. Each type of embryozems corresponds to a certain stage of development of phytocenoses: initial embryozems correspond to the stage with pioneer vegetation; organo-accumulative embryozems - a simple plant grouping; sod embryozems - a complex plant grouping; to humus-accumulative embryozems and humusogenic technozems - a closed phytocenosis. The total phytomass and its composition increases and becomes more diverse in the genetic series from initial and organo-accumulative embryozems to sod and humus-accumulative embryozems. Nevertheless, the total terrestrial phytomass of the most genetically developed humus-accumulative embryozems is below the zonal values. The leading biological processes in the embryozems of the initial stages of the formation of an ecosystem are the synthesis and accumulation of organic matter; in humus-accumulative embryozems and in humusogenic technozems, in addition to synthesis and accumulation, the rudiments of mineralization and humification processes are noted. The soil and ecological status has been established. On the dumps of the Bungur coal mine, it is satisfactory, since the soil cover contains humus-accumulative embryozems and humusogenic technozems. The soil-ecological status of the dumps of the Gorlovsk anthracite section is unsatisfactory.