Comparative efficiency of various tillage systems of spring rape cultivating in the southeast of the Orel region

Spring rape is an important crop in the Orel region, and the choice of the method of basic tillage for this culture is decisive, both in terms of reducing economic and energy costs, and in terms of ensuring stable crop yields. The article discusses the various ways of the main processing of the soil under spring rape combined aggregates and traditional plowing. It was found that the use of different depths of soil treatment had an impact on soil moisture, the number of seedlings of rapeseed, and its biological yield. The studies were conducted in 2010, in the village Yakivka Kolpnyanskiy area Orel Region in the company "Rhineland". Dark gray forest soils typical for the Orel region were chosen as the object of study. Stationary field experience consisted of 4 variants: 1) tillage with a reversible plow to a depth of 25 cm; 2) tillage to a depth of 15 cm with a complex unit Centaur; 3) tillage to a depth of 20 cm with a complex unit Centaur; 4) tillage to a depth of 8cm with a complex unit Katros. Sowing of spring rape was carried out with Amazone d-9-60 seeder. The field experience was carried out with a method of randomized reps in triplicates. As a result of the research it was established that: 1. Soil moisture according to the variants of the experiment decreased in accordance with the decrease in the depth of tillage. 2. In all versions of the experiment straw had a positive effect on soil moisture. 3 The option with traditional plowing provided the highest biological yield.