Means of representation of the idiogloss as “children”, “family”, “life” in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky “The brothers Karamazov”

The article introduces the main idioglossas (“Children”, “Family”, “Life”) of F.M. Dostoevsky’s novel “The Brothers Karamazov”, which are understood as mental and cognitive categories, according to Yu.N. Karaulov, the constants of certain author’s lines in the text, and describes the means of their representation (phonosemantic, lexical, phraseological and syntactic). The study of phonetic shells and the meanings of the words that form considered idioglossas, it is proved that representation in their meanings and words as a psycholinguistic phenomenon exhibits the traits of the writer’s language personality development, his worldview and value system. The author’s choice of exact lexemes and their syntagmatic partners included in the studied idioglossas demonstrates the harmonization of the nature of the language sign: a) the sound supports the meaning;b) the meanings of ‘children’, ‘family’, ‘life’ are interdependent. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that it defines the semantic components of the idioglossas “Children”, “Family”, “Life” and the means of their representation. On the basis of computer phonosemantic analysis of words, their sound content is characterized. The novelty of the research is connected with the understanding of harmony or disharmony of the language sign and the ideological and aesthetic content expressed in the text by Dostoevsky. The research methods include: the method of system analysis of semantic relations, computer analysis of phonosemantics of words, phenomenological and others. The author reveals the significance of each idioglossa for the implementation of the main concepts of the work, which form its ideological core and indicate the author’s mental and cognitive attitudes aimed at depicting the life of the Karamazov family which reflects the tragedies of the contradictory Russian life. The research results can be applied in the theory of author’s lexicography; in the process of creating mental maps of the Russian language personality based on the description of author’s idioglossas; in teaching university philological courses.