Strategy of breeding of winter wheat in the conditions of variability of agrometeorological conditions of vegetation

The research was carried out in 2003-2017. On the experimental base of the FGBIC «Samara NIISH». The soil is ordinary chernozem with 0-30 cm of readily digestible nitrogen in soil layer - 56 mg / kg soil, mobile phosphorus - 276 mg / kg soil, exchangeable potassium - 190 mg / kg soil. The analysis of meteorological conditions was carried out according to the data of the Bezenchuk aerological station. The annual precipitation is 450 mm, with fluctuations in years from 303 to 587 mm, Cv = 18, 2%. The average daily temperature of the winter period is 8.9 ° C with fluctuations from -5.8 ° C to -13.6 ° C, Cv = 24.34%. The average daily temperature of spring-summer vegetation is 16.5º С, Cv = 7.72%. The hydrothermal coefficient of the period is the renewal of the spring vegetation-the ear-cleavage of 0.75 with fluctuations in years from 0.16 to 2.6, Cv = 47.1, the period of ear-ripening - 0.88 with fluctuations in years from 0.4 to 2.5, Cv = 78.2. On average, over 15 years, the Bezenchuk grain crop is 380 - 2, 86 t / ha, the Turquoise varieties - 3.23 t / ha, the varieties Svetoch - 3.21 t / ha. The minimum yield of varieties: 0.59, 0.71, 0.88 t / ha, maximum: 6.93, 7.99, 7.61 t / ha, respectively. The coefficient of variation of yield: 59.5, 59.4, 46.8%, respectively. The variability of yield is caused by abiotic stressors of the winter period, drought, and damage by brown rust. High-frost resistant grade Bezenchukskaya 790, resistant to discolouring: Bezenchuk 380, Bezenchuk 616, Basis. The maximum yield of grain - 8.23 t / ha formed in 2017 a short stalk, resistant to brown rust, the Blizzard variety due to the increased density of productive stems. Varieties of forest-steppe ecotypes Turquoise, Basis, Resource, the maximum grain yield of 7.79-7.99 t / ha was formed due to the productivity of the ear (grain mass of one ears 1.5-1.9 g). Highly productive varieties Turquoise, Blizzard, Basis form food grains with a mass fraction of protein in grain 13.5-13.9%, crude gluten - 30-33%, the number falling 300-409 s. A highly effective donor for resistance to brown rust is a sample of the collection of VIR from the US Siouxland 89 with the Lr 24. gene. The lines of Bezenchuk 790 / Siouxland 89 showed high resistance to brown rust and pyrenephorus with a yield of 8.3-9.0 t / ha, gluten content in flour 45, 2-47,4%, protein in grain - 14,8-15,3%. To increase the efficiency of breeding, it is necessary to create a mosaic of varieties and place varieties in favorable microzones for the realization of genetic potential.