The stratigraphic excavation trench near the podol of the Moscow Kremlin

The paper reviews the main results of the excavations carried out in excavationtrench 2 in the Moscow Kremlin in 2007. The radiocarbon data, items found and ceramicsimply that the development of this part of the Moskva River bank known as the Podolbegan in the 12th century (possibly, in the first half of the 12th century), while construction ofmansion houses dates to the early 13th century. The excavations identified the horizon of thewhite-stone wall construction carried out in 1366-1368. Birch-bark letter No. 2 and a birch-bark ’piece of paper’ for writing a letter are the most remarkable finds. The composition ofthe finds clearly indicates a militarized nature of the castle inhabitants’ culture.