Structural-phase analysis of gymnastic vaults

Problem and Purpose. One of the most effective ways of monitoring the process developing and perfecting complex actions in training sportsmen is to target pedagogic influence at the elements of the mastered exercises phase structure which must be brought to perfection. However, the phase structure of gymnastic vaults is not sufficiently studied and developed so far, this fact predetermines the topical character of this research. The Purpose of the article is to study and further develop the phase structure of complex vaults defining the periods, stages and phases of movements, and as for the latter components the author also tried to determine the bordering-line positions of the main elements. Methodology of the research is based on a complex of instrumental methods of studying, in particular, on the usage of modern computer technologies as well as theoretic analysis and data generalization of special foreign and domestic scholars and program documents. Results. The author developed a phase structure of gymnastic vaults. Conclusion. The most informative indicators of the effectiveness of the run-up is the speed at the final 5 metres of the run-up before jumping on the horse, and the result of the test running for 20 metres at the maximum speed. Highly qualified gymnasts develop the speed of 7.89m/s and 7.97m/s. Raising the speed of the run-up improves the biochemical characteristics of vaults. It is of primary importance that the optimal horizontal speed is achieved by the moment of contacting the beat-board. The maximum horizontal speed at the moment of mounting the board fulfilling the vaults of high complexity is 7.8 for highly qualified gymnasts, and 6.8 for average gymnasts. The time of the flight at the moment of contacting the board is varied within the limits of 0.175 - 0.185sec. The full time of the second flight (after contacting the table) is varied from 1.01 to 1.02sec. for elite gymnasts. The phase structure of vaults with progressing complexity includes 8 periods: 1) run-up (support-unsupported, cyclic); 2) push with one foot (support); 3) first flight up to mounting the beat-board (unsupported); 4) contacting the board in the process of push with two legs (support); 5) the second flight up to contacting the table (unsupported); 6) interaction with the table in the process of push with two hands (support); 7) main flight (unsupported), 8) landing. In each period there are two stages (accumulation and working), and in the last two periods there are two phases of the main and finishing-preparatory actions. In the phases boundary positions and main elements of coordination are distinguished. The concept of phase structure of vaults suggested in the article passed a practical evaluation test.