Structural and functional features of bacterial biofilms in farm animals and livestock infrastructure

In the external environment and in the animal body, single bacteria can exist in a liquid or in an attached state. This form of microbial population organization is called a biofilm. More than 90% of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria are able to form such associations. The systematic review is devoted to the analysis of published information on bacterial biofilms. The problem of a small amount of information about microbial biofilms is of importance in modern clinical veterinary practice. The property of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria to form a biofilm causes an increased resistance of these microorganisms to environmental factors and the action of antibacterial drugs. The purpose of the study is the analysis and systematization of the available information about biofilms, their impact on the infectious process in the host organism. Much attention is paid to determining the role of the structures that make up the biofilm at various stages of its formation. The article defines the role of biofilms in the development of bacterial pathology and the importance of biofilm formation as a factor in antibiotic resistance. The systematic review provides information on modern methods of modeling and visualization of the biofilm structure of microorganisms. The conducted research determines the ways of further study of biofilm formation. It is important to focus research attention on studying the influence of the quorum sensing regulatory system on the vital activity and internal organization of microbial communities in a biofilm. Regulation by the signaling system allows microorganisms in the biofilm to build a more rational strategy for existence. The search and testing of new methods of inhibiting the formation of microbial biofilm will increase the effect of antibiotic therapy for infectious animal diseases.