The fate of refugees during the First World War (on the materials of Simbirsk province)

The article considers the role of the provincial administration, zemstvo institutions and committees in ensuring a decent way of life for refugees in the Russian hinterland on the example of the rear province of European Russia. The author makes a conclusion about the inefficiency of the established system of care for refugees. The inability of the local administration in conditions of increasing high cost to provide refugees with everything necessary, forced the latter to seek help from charities. At the same time, due to the lack of workers, the state began to abolish rations, thereby stimulating the refugees' labor interest, but completely depriving them of their livelihoods and leaving them on the verge of cold and hunger.