Muscle cramping condition of a muscular tissue. Etiology and pathogenes, development, prevention, biophysical mechanisms and the theory

On the basis of the muscular contraction theory analyses the problem of the ‘benign cramp’ skeletal muscles occurrence is investigated. It is shown that existing biophysical theory of the muscles contraction, ‘the theory of sliding threads’ allows explain occurrence of cramps if to use the standard positions: contraction of a muscle occurs passively, without expenses of ATP energy; undocking actin-myosin complex in the cellular power mechanism is carried out with use of energy of ATP hydrolysis. The cramp arises at a delay of ATP arrival in area of actin-myosin complex that slows down undocking myosin bridges from actin threads. It is marked, that use of preparations of magnesium, which ions in part replace ions of calcium similar on chemical properties, reduces an opportunity of a cramp occurrence. In article the biophysical bases of muscular contraction are considered: a conclusion of the Hill’s equation, power developed by a muscle, etc. which confirm a role of speed of the calcium ions supply in area of the actin-myosin power mechanism at occurrence of cramps. If part of the calcium ions is replaced by magnesium ions, then the strength of muscle contraction decreases, and convulsions do not occur. Calcium ions are universal intracellular intermediaries capable of regulating a huge variety of intracellular processes: exocytosis, insertion of receptors into the membrane, triggering protein synthesis, influence on learning and memory processes.