Technical and economic aspect of the use of intelligent control systems for power consumption modes in rural residential buildings

In connection with the mass construction of rural residential buildings in Russia, which have a larger area than in previous years (100–200 m2 and more) and equipping them with modern energy-saturated systems of heating, hot water supply, food preparation and household electrical appliances, the problems of power supply to the settlements of the SZD are becoming urgent, which are primarily reduced to an increase in the design capacity by two or more times and a significant asymmetry of the load on three-phase inputs to houses. which leads to emergency modes of operation of the power supply systems of the SZD settlements, especially during the hours of abnormally low winter outdoor temperatures. An example is the winter of 2023, when there were large power outages in a number of rural settlements in Siberia, including the Krasnoyarsk Region. Intelligent systems for managing the modes of power consumption of the SZD on a priority principle based on «Smart House» technologies are designed to solve issues related to load balancing at inputs to the SZD, reducing peaks in the daily load schedules of consumers, and equalizing load schedules at transformer substations (TS). The immediate economic effect for consumers will be the transition from single-rate electricity tariffs to multi-rate ones, which, ultimately, will lead to a faster return on investment and, importantly, to a significant increase in the comfort of residents living in the house. The economic effect from the introduction of intelligent control systems for «Smart House» electric receivers is achieved by: changing the power supply scheme of the SZD village with a reduction in the amount of one-time costs; saving electricity costs through the use of automatic control of Smart Home power receivers on a priority basis and differentiated tariffs by time of day; alignment of the load schedule and other factors. Calculations showed that the net present value (NPV) for three years would be 109 thousand. Rubles, which indicates the economic efficiency of the Smart Home project. The economic effect is provided by saving electricity costs when using the intelligent control system and differentiated tariffs by time of day. According to the criterion of the given discounted costs, their value is 12466.7 thousand rubles and 6979 thousand rubles, respectively, in the project scenario they are 50% lower, the option is cost-effective and can be implemented.