The technical and economic grounds for various ways of the main soil treatment under the winter wheat in the Orel region

The article deals with various methods of the main soil treatment under the winter wheat: using tillagers and traditional plowing. The use of soil treatment to the different depths is found to have an impact on the agrophysical characteristics of the soil, its biological activity, weed infestation of crops and the structure of the winter wheat crop. The research was conducted in 2009 in the village of Yakovka, the Kolpnyanskiy district, the Orel region in the limited liability company "Rhineland". The dark gray forest soils typical for the Orel region were chosen as the object of study. The stationary field experiment consisted of 3 variants: 1) soil treatment with a one-way plow of 25 cm deep; 2) soil treatment of 15 cm deep by the tilliger “Centaur”; 3) soil treatment of 20 cm deep by the tilliger “Centaur”. The winter wheat sowing was done by the seeder Amazone D9-60. The seeding rate was 2.2 dt/ha, 6 cm deep. The field experience was conducted as a method of randomized repetitions in three replications. The result of the research showed that the decrease in the depth of the soil treatment led to the increase of its density, in general, during the growing season of winter wheat in the experiment variants the density varied from 1.19 g/cm3 to 1.25 g/cm3, depending on the soil treatment and sampling time. The greatest biological activity of the soil was found in the variant with the use of plowing - 23.6% of the decomposition of flax. The decrease in the depth of the soil treatment increases the weed infestation, in the variant with a depth of 15 cm during the crop tillering period, the infestation was 47 pieces/m2. The best harvest safety of plants was ensured by using tillagers. The tillagers also ensured the maximum crop yield. The article presents the data on the economic efficiency of various methods of the main soil treatment under the winter wheat.