Technogenic transformation of the natural environment in the territory of the Kizelovsky coal basin: environmental problems and ways of reclamation

The review article examines the environmental consequences of the transformation of the nature of the Kizelovsky coal basin (Perm region) in the post-technological period. The main sources of pollution are analyzed – acid mine water spills and effluents from rock dumps, leading to degradation of surface and groundwater, soil cover, bottom sediments and vegetation. It has been shown that acid mine waters are characterized by low pH values (2,3-4,0), high mineralization, and hundreds and thousands of times higher than the maximum permissible concentration for heavy metals. Attention is also paid to the accumulation of arsenic and rare earth elements, as well as the development of negative geological processes, including the formation of sinkholes. Methods of neutralization and reclamation of disturbed territories are considered. The results of the application of geoinformation technologies, remote sensing and the NDVI index for monitoring the state of ecosystems and the effectiveness of remediation are presented. It is concluded that there is a need for an integrated approach to restoring the natural environment of Kizelovsky coal basin, taking into account natural, man-made and socio-economic factors.