Technology of cultivation of safflower in the Middle Volga region

Ulyanovsk region by its climatic conditions is one of the main producers of sunflower oil seeds. The areas occupied by sunflower are many times higher than scientifically justified ones, which led to the spread of a dangerous plant-parasite contagion in the southern regions of the region. Another problem in The middle Volga region is climate change, which has led to an increase in the frequency of dry years and the duration of drought. In this regard, there is a need to select and expand the area of cultivation of drought-resistant, heat-loving and high-yielding oilseeds. One of the new promising oilseeds for our region is safflower. The article describes the research aimed at the development of methods of cultivation of safflower, providing optimal conditions for the development of plants, allowing to obtain a guaranteed oil collection. The experiment compared the effectiveness of three sowing methods (ordinary, cross-row, wide-row), seeding rates (400 thousand PCs / ha, 500 thousand PCs / ha, 600 thousand PCs/ ha, 700 thousand PCs/ha) and treated crops in the budding phase with agrochemicals (amicide and boron molybdenum). The research was carried out on Chernozem soils of the Middle Volga region in the conditions of temperate continental climate in 2017-2019. As a result of researches it is established that safflower on the biological parameters is suitable for cultivation in agroclimatic conditions of our zone. Methods and norms of sowing have a significant impact on the formation of individual elements of productivity from which in the future, and the crop yields are formed. The largest crop was formed by wide-row crops with a minimum seeding rate, the average yield of wide-row crops is 9.1 C / ha, which is 26% higher than the continuous ordinary and 16% higher than the cross-row sowing methods. An expedient technique is the introduction of agrochemicals for vegetating plants, providing an increase in yield from 10 to 21 %.