Tendencies of development of breeding and seed breeding in Russia in the conditions of import substitution policy implementation in resource markets

The article analyzes the current situation of seed breeding in the Russian Federation. The Russian seed market is extremely attractive to foreign companies due to the high demand for seed grain. Varieties of foreign selection occupied successfully an existing niche long ago. Often, foreign varieties and hybrids are more competitive than domestic ones. The article assesses the dynamics of the number of seed farms operating in Russia, analyzes the distribution of seed farms in the federal districts of the Russian Federation. The correlation of varieties of domestic and foreign breeding approved for the use in the Russian Federation is estimated. The reasons for the exclusion of varieties from the register are determined. The problem of providing selection and seed breeding with highly qualified personnel is identified. The article presents negative and positive changes in the share of domestic selection varieties approved for use in the Russian Federation. The necessity of developing the industry as a whole with the aim of implementing not only import substitution, but also ensuring food security of the country is substantiated. It is indicated that not all received and sold seeds of agricultural crops meet the necessary requirements. According to the results of monitoring the seeds of spring grain and leguminous crops of the Federal State Budget Institution “Rosselkhoztsentr” at the beginning of 2020, 81.0% of seeds of the Russian Federation as a whole are conditional and 19.0% are substandard. In 2020, new rules for the provision of a "single" subsidy were introduced, now it consists of a compensating and stimulating part. The first is aimed at maintaining achieved volumes of agricultural production, the second is aimed at supporting the "growth points" of regional agriculture, certain priority areas and sub-sectors. One of the areas of compensatory subsidies is support of elite seed breeding - at a rate of 1 hectare of sown area. Also in 2017, the "Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025" was approved. The main directions of state support for the development of selection and seed breeding and the results of their implementation are presented.