Theoretical aspects of increasing the productivity of machine-tractor aggregators due to improving energy indicators of diesel fuel combustion in the cylinders of internal combustion engine

The article presents proposals for increasing the productivity of machine-tractor units by modernizing the fuel system of internal combustion engines. It is known that the high-performance work of MTA under operating conditions is determined by the level of use of the tractor engine power. In the course of performing energy-intensive agricultural operations by the machine-tractor unit, continuous changes in the external moment of resistance are transmitted to the engine crankshaft, leading to a change in the speed of the unit and the rotation speed of the engine crankshaft. To increase the productivity of the machine-tractor unit and overcome short-term overloads, it is necessary to improve the power and economic indicators of agricultural tractors. Power plants on tractors currently burn on average no more than 75% of fuel, and 25% of fuel and products of incomplete combustion go into the exhaust pipe. That is, in the engines existing today, no more than 75% of the fuel fully burns and is converted into heat. On the scale of the Russian Federation, this amounts to about 8,8 million tons of fuel in 2019 alone. Considering that the total volume of diesel fuel production at Russian refineries (refineries) at the end of 2019 amounted to 76,1 million tons, and about 35,3 million tons were supplied to the domestic market, the annual fuel losses from this weight are significant. It is shown that it is necessary to search for new ways to improve the combustion of fuel in an internal combustion engine, which can have a positive effect directly on the performance of MTA and increase the amount of that part of the fuel converted into useful heat, which previously practically «flew» into the exhaust pipe in a volume of 20 to 30%. This, in turn, will allow the diesel engine to adapt to the changing operating conditions of the MTA. The paper gives an energy analysis of the use of our proposed device for increasing the degree of fuel combustion in an internal combustion engine, the results of a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the power capabilities of the EI MES MTA, which depend on physical (such as magnetic permeability and susceptibility) and chemical (density, viscosity, flash point, fractional composition) of the properties of the fuel that affect its energy saturation. It is noted that the basis for the modernization of the fuel system on the basis of the new device is the electromagnetic treatment of diesel fuel before combustion. This is achieved by installing a copper hollow base solenoid in the injector, which is part of the fuel line.