Theoretical and methodological calculations of the resource potentials of solar energy in the northern Karakum

The development of the Karakum Desert, which occupies 80% of Turkmenistan's land resources, is a pressing issue. The objective of the study is to provide energy to the Karakum desert regions using solar energy technologies and installations. The objective of the study is to determine solar energy resource potentials using innovative calculation methods in the development, creation, and implementation of efficient solar energy technologies and installations. Methodology: To determine the gross, technical, economic, and environmental potential, the natural and climatic conditions of the Southeastern Karakum Desert were taken into account. The research methodology involved using meteorological data processed using physical laws and mathematical calculation methods for photovoltaic converters. Research Results. Theoretical and methodological calculations of the gross, technical, economic, and environmental potentials of solar energy were evaluated, the energy efficiency of solar radiation was determined, and the optimal solar collector tilt angles for the Southeastern Karakum Desert were calculated. Discussion and Conclusion. The study yielded the following resource potentials for solar energy converted into electrical energy: gross potential - 1895.9 kWh/(m2•year); technical potential - 248.55 kWh/(m2•year); fuel savings - 99.44 kg eq./(m2•year); environmental potentials, CO2, - 158.98 kg/year. The most effective months of the year for using a solar collector in the South- Eastern Karakum Desert with an inclination angle of 60 degrees are January, February, November, December; 45 degrees - March, October; 30 degrees - from April to September.