Theoretical foundations of the analysis and assessment of the company's liquidity and solvency

The paper presents the theoretical aspects of the analysis of the liquidity and solvency of companies, provides a critical justification of the main definitions on the subject of the study, clarifies the concept of the assets of the organization, which can be characterized as a specific change in property in cash funds for a certain time period. The main purpose of the study is to obtain an objective assessment of the current state of the organization based on a system of financial indicators. The paper systematizes the main group of indicators included in the comprehensive analysis of the company's financial condition, and identifies external factors that have a significant impact on the liquidity and solvency of an economic entity. Based on the study of methodological tools of various authors, the paper outlines the stages of modern approaches to assessing the financial condition of the company. The theoretical basis for assessing liquidity and solvency is applied on the example of a production and trading enterprise of the wine industry of the Krasnodar Territory. A factor analysis of the relative liquidity indicators of an economic entity is carried out, on the basis of which it is concluded that with significant insolvency and the use of bankruptcy procedures for most companies, an accurate and objective assessment of the financial and economic condition plays a major role in forming a stable growth dynamics of the company's financial results.