Theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of culture

The article deals with the theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of culture, which began in Antiquity. It is noted that in the process of formation of cultural Sciences, there was a search for not only differentiating cultural determinants, but also its invariable components, General laws and laws of its development were established. For example, in contrast to evolutionism, representatives of cyclical theory and functionalism considered any culture as a value and did not consider it possible to determine its place on the evolutionary scale. Functionalists showed that any culture is a complex organism, so it is impossible to divide them into primitive and highly developed ones.