Testing cytotoxicity of various dental implant surfaces using mesenchymal stromal cells

One of the most common materials for dental implantation is titanium, which has established itself as a bioinert, quite flexible, and easily processed material. Screw implants are the most common and differ only in the shape, thread, and method used for their surface preparation. Of note, from the mechanical point of view, the damaging effect of the implant on living tissues is the same. However, the process of osseointegration and further functioning of supporting elements depends on the quality of surface processing. Therefore, the interaction between bone and an implant becomes crucial for the implant survival. Thus, it is very important to analyze the correlation between implant toxicity to living tissue and the method used for implant surface processing. Manufacturers of dental implants are constantly trying to increase porosity of materials to improve osseointegration. Unfortunately, it may have a negative effect on the reparative processes. They require more detailed examination not only from the mechanical and pharmacological point of view, but also from the standpoint of living tissue, i.e. biocompatibility, which hampers the implementation of novel materials into routine practices from a bioethical point of view.