Torun: economics and numismatics (ducats of Wladyslaw IV: new data and analysis)

The article describes the general economic condition of Poland at the beginning of the 17th century and points out the economic problems that led to the nominal growth of ducats, among other things. The study is based on fundamental Polish economic and numismatic works; modern works by Belarusian and English authors have also been used. New research findings on some of Wladislaw IV's ducats, obtained using modern natural-science methods, which were published at the Russian Congress on Numismatics in 2022, are presented. The interdisciplinary methods of research have made it possible to identify features of minting at the Toruń mint.