Transcendental issues of intercultural interactions

The article considers intercultural interactions through the prism of the transcendental nature of human consciousness, which is understood against the background of Kant's, Husserl's, Heidegger's, and Jaspers' philosophy. I. Kant's teaching is thought of as an epistemological doctrine that establishes the very possibility of cognizing the phenomena of another culture at the deep level of the ontological structure of human consciousness as initially open to the cognition transcendental being. E. Husserl's doctrine of “phenomenological reduction” is understood as a methodology for working on consciousness, which allows one to achieve the intentionality of the phenomena of one's own and other cultures, coinciding with the absolute transcendental being. M. Heidegger's concept of distinguishing “being" and "presence" is used in order to achieve such a mode of existence, which allows a person to actualize his internal culture as the presence of transcendental being, coinciding with the genuine mode of personal existence; only within it true knowledge of another culture is possible. The teaching of K. Jaspers about a “limit situation” is recognized as such a way of dealing with intercultural interactions, due to which intuitive understanding is possible (through the experience of powerlessness in attempts to rational discursive understanding). In the article, intercultural issues are directly linked to overcoming the alienation of a person from his true existence thought of as a conscious presence in the semantic space of culture.