Transformation of labor and capital in the system of achieving technological sovereignty of the Russian economy

The article examines the problems of technical and technological renewal in industry, import substitution, and achieving technological independence of the Russian economy. The study of these processes is carried out from the standpoint of assessing the processes of replacing labor with capital. The patterns of changes in the labor market, the factor influence on the dynamics of investment by industrial enterprises in fixed assets are revealed. It is concluded that for changes in the proportions of labor and capital, not only the growth of the qualification level of labor should occur, but also an additional amount of capital should appear. The problem of risks limiting the possibilities of achieving technological independence is revealed. It is substantiated that the transformation of labor and capital in the Russian economy is a multifaceted process that requires coordination on the part of the state and industrialists. Achieving the goals of import substitution involves the adaptation of advanced practices to Russian realities, the development of human capital, and innovations.