Productivity and adaptive properties of different morphotypes of pea varieties in ecological variety testing of the Orel region

The research was carried out in 2019-2024 at the Shatilovskaya Agricultural School with different types and varieties of peas: Talovec 70, Fokor, Usatyj kormovoj, Sotnik, Fregat, Yaguar, Estafeta. Faraon, Spartak, Sinbir, Kulon, Shevron on leached heavy clay, medium-depth chernozem with pH of 5.5-5.8; humus content of 6.5-6.9% (according to Tyurin); mobile phosphorus - 85-95 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium (K2O) 126-135 mg/kg of soil (according to Chirikov). In the unfavorable conditions of the dry growing season of 2024, the Jaguar variety (chameleon morphotype) exceeded the most productive leafless Estafeta and Frigat varieties by 0,34 and 0,44 t/ha. 2023 was favorable for plant growth and development, leafless pea varieties Talovec 70, Fokor and Fregat had significant advantage in yield increase of 0,4 - 1,3 t/ha compared to Spartak and Jaguar varieties (chameleon morphotype). A significant relationship between the yield of pea grain and the amount of precipitation in the group of leafless varieties was determined: Sinbir, r2=0,927 in April and Taloveс 70, r2=0,913, Yaguar, r2=0,968 and Faraon, r2=0,911 from precipitation in August. Among the compared leafless pea varieties in 2019-2024, the Fregat variety with the highest yield in 2019-2024 was 2,10 t/ha, high rates of genetic flexibility (2,1 t/ha), coefficient of adaptability (KA= 1,76), relative stability (St2=0,89); regression coefficient (bi = 1,66) with a low value of variation over the years (V= 31%), it was most adapted to the conditions of the Orel region. The Jaguar variety (chameleon morphotype) with a yield of -2,01 t/ha, combining high values of stress resistance (Ymin-Ymax = -1,2 t/ha), genetic flexibility (Ymin + Ymax/2 = 2,0 t/ha), and coefficient of adaptability (KA=1,68), turned out to be the most adapted to the arid conditions of the region., breeding value (Sc =1,08); relative stability (St2=0,95) and low coefficients of variation (V= 23%) and stability variants (Si2=0,05). A significant correlation was revealed between the yield of varieties and the coefficient of adaptation (KA), r 0,999. There are statistically significant correlations between stress tolerance (Ymin-Ymax) and coefficient of variation (V%), r= -0,930), homeostaticity (Hom), r =0,946, relative stability (St2), r =0,934. Between coefficient of variation (V%) and indicators of homeostaticity (Hom), r =-0,931, relative stability (St2), r =-0,989 correlations are statistically significant