CONTRIBUTION OF L.N. GALL TO DEVELOPMENT OF MASS SPECTROMETRIC INSTRUMENTATION: PAST AND PRESENT

The paper concerns the history of Russian mass spectrometric instrumentation in the last 60 years and the contribution of Lidiya Nikolaevna Gall in its becoming and development. The main scientific problems solved by her related to the working, computation, and design of commercial and unique isotopic and chemical mass spectrometers are considered. The physical and ion-optical principles related to various types of ion sources, especially providing electron ionization and surface thermal ionization, are discussed. Special attention is paid to the ion source with electrospray (ERIAD), which was put forward by L.N. Gall and is widely used now in modern Russian and foreign mass spectrometers.