Influence of agricultural technologies on crop productivity in conditions of increasing aridity of climate

Weather conditions in the world are undergoing significant changes associated with an increase in average monthly temperatures, an increase in the frequency of extreme events. In the Oryol region, the average monthly temperature has increased, and aridization of the climate is manifested in the autumn lack of moisture in the soil, when the winter wheat sowing time recommended for the zone comes. It was established that sowing winter wheat of the Moskovskaya 39 variety 2 weeks later than the established date provided an increase in yield by 1.4 - 3.3 c/ha. At the same time, the content of protein and gluten in the grain increased by 0.7-1.3%. The results of studies of the timing of sowing winter wheat Nemchinovskaya 57 show that crops overwinter well even in the fifth sowing period at the stage of seed germination. During vegetation, plants lagged behind in development. However, in the late stages of sowing in the spring, it bushed well and by the ripening phase, visual differences in plant development were leveled. When sowing 2-3 weeks later, the variety formed a yield more by 4.1-10.9 c/ha compared to the recommended 1 period. The Streletskaya 12 variety provided the highest yield during sowing in the second term (September 15) - 56.1 c/ha. In the variants of the third, fourth and fifth sowing periods, a significant decrease in yield was established in comparison with the 2 period by 6.6-25.1 c/ha. The maximum accumulation of gluten in the grain provided the second sowing period (28.1%), which is 3.6% more than 1 period. In the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region, the sowing time for winter wheat must be shifted by 10-14 days relative to the previously recommended dates. Adaptive technologies, taking into account the aridization of the climate, ensure increased productivity, as well as the sewerage of the formation of a high-quality winter wheat grain harvest.