Influence of the historical and cultural tradition on the artistic language of the Macchiaioli school (on the example of the Giovanni Fattori's work)

The article analyses the influence of historical events, cultural tradition and the socio-cultural context of the Risorgimento epoch on Italian art. In the middle of the XIX century, Italy was politically fragmented, but there is a consolidation of national-patriotic trends that will lead to the unification of the country. In the cultural and artistic life of Italy, one can also see the desire to revive national traditions. The most important contribution to the formation of the modern artistic language of the epoch was made by the Florentine Macchiaioli school, which relied on the revival of the classical principles of Quattrocento and modern artistic ideas. Proponents of this movement rejected academic principles, which united them with the French Impressionists, but at the same time they created their own artistic method. The Macchiaioli school was a unique national phenomenon that consolidated the work of artists involved in the Risorgimento events. The new artistic language is most clearly represented in the work of Giovanni Fattori, head of the Macchiaioli school.