Impact of initial germinability and elements of variety agrotechnics on spring wheat seeds quality in the Krasnoyarsk forest steppe

The purpose of the study is to reveal the influence of the initial germination and seeding rates on the yield and sowing qualities of the Svirel spring wheat seeds in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe conditions. The studies were carried out in 2018-2019. The precursor is clean fallow, the tillage is standard for the zone. The experiment was repeated three times, the placement of the plots was randomized, the counting area was 10 m2. As an object of research, we used the spring wheat variety Svirel, listed in the State Register for the Krasnoyarsk Region. The experimental scheme provided for the study of lots of wheat seeds of the Svirel variety with different initial germination rates (80 and 95 %) and seeding rates (4.0 million seedlings per hectare; 5.0 million seedlings per hectare; 6,0 mln seedlings per hectare). High productivity (3.42 and 3.40 t/ha) was obtained in variants with a seeding rate of 6.0 mln seedlings per hectare and germination rates of 95 and 80 %, the mass of 1000 grains was 44.4 and 45.1 g, the number of grains in an ear is 33 and 35 pieces, as well as the highest indicators of productive stalk - 492 and 410 pieces/m2. The sowing and yielding qualities of wheat seeds did not depend on the initial germination rates of 80 and 95 %. The recommended seeding rate in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe for wheat of the Svirel variety is 6.0 million seedlings per ha. Reduced (up to 4 million seed grain per hectare) seeding rates are allowed at the early stages of primary and industrial seed production in comparison with those adopted in the Region in order to accelerate the introduction of new varieties of wheat into production. The dispersing analysis results showed that the sowing rate (84 %), then the initial germination (14 %) and other factors had a significant effect on the yield of wheat of the Svirel variety.