The impact of economic sanctions on Iran’s oil and gas industry and the directions of their easing

The study of the impact of Western sanctions on the economy, and especially the oil and gas sector of Iran is being updated. This is due to the fact that the oil and gas industry retains its important role for the development of Iran, and it is important for the country to support and continue its improvement and rise. In addition, the topic of the study is also relevant due to the fact that the Russian Federation faces many tasks of the same kind, and it is necessary to search for mechanisms and tools to solve them, including taking into account the Iranian experience. The purpose of this study is to identify and characterize the impact of Western sanctions on the Iranian economy and, in particular, its oil and gas industry, and to identify the measures that the country uses to reduce the negative impact of these sanctions on the national economy of Iran and its energy sector. Within the framework of this study, the author applied the following methods: statistical, comparative analysis, historical, generalization, interpretation of the results of the study. The study makes it possible to formulate conclusions that Iran uses such “anti-sanctions” methods as focusing on national investment in oil and gas projects, forming a special fund for the development of the oil industry, exporting petroleum products rather than crude oil, developing international cooperation with friendly countries, primarily Asia, searching for new opportunities to receive export revenue, etc.