Influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on the complex of morphological and physiological properties of dill seeds

Research was carried out on the effect of the location of umbels on dill plants of the “Kentavr” variety ( Anethum graveolens L.) on the linear parameters of seeds. The seeds were sown on the experimental field of the All-Russian Science and Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - Branch of the Federal Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing” in 2015-2017. The plants were grown for seed production purposes. 30 plants were randomly selected in threefold repetition in each option and the umbels were cut in accordance with the experimental design. Then, the length of the seed, embryo and endosperm from the umbels located on the shoots of the first and second orders of branching were measured. It has been established that the average length of the elements of the seed (3.85-3.43 mm), endosperm (3.37-2.99 mm) and embryo (1.00-0.77 mm) of dill varied considerably and depended on the architectonics of the seed plant and on the environmental conditions. The length of the seed and endosperm was mainly influenced by growing conditions (77% and 81%, respectively), while the length of the embryo by the matrical factor (92%). Correlation analysis showed that the influence of the length of the seed on the length of the endosperm has a high positive dependence (r = 0.961-0.978). Heteromorphism is clearly manifested during seed germination in standard germination conditions (20°C) depending on endogenous factors. A close, reliable relation was established between the length of the seed, endosperm and embryo and the quality of dill seeds. The quality of dill seeds is closely related to the place of seed formation. Thus, the correlation coefficient between the order of branching and the germination time of 50% (T50) of seeds is r = 0.978 and germination r = -0.968.