Influence of meteorologycal factors on sowing qualities of the spring durum wheat seeds

Due to the high dependence of the quality of seeds on the conditions of their formation and maturation is required accounting of the entire complex agro-ecological factors.The article deals with results of researches of influence of agro-ecological factors (average daily tempera- ture of air, relative humidity of air, supplies of productive moisture in the layer of soil ca. 0-100 cm and resources of moisture) on sowing qualities of seed of the spring durum wheat: energy of germination, germination and force of growth of seed at the different terms of sowing in the conditions of south forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The researches were conducted on an experience field of the Omsk SАU in 2006-2008. The spring durum wheat varieties of Omsk Amber (Omskaya Yantarnaya), Pearl of Siberia (Zhemchuzhina of Siberia), Omsk Corundum (Omsky Corund), Altaian cornfield (Altaiskaya Niva) and Elisabeth (Elisavetinskaya) were used. Terms of sowing were on May, 11-13, 23 and 31. The spring durum wheat is a highly productive crop, grain which is used for the production of high-quality pasta products and also used in the cereals and confectionery industry. In the Omsk region for full maintenance of its own products, as well as the seed and insurance funds acreage of spring durum wheat must be at least 70 thous. ha, and to ensure the northern regions of Western Siberia and exports is necessary to extend the area of sowing of this crop to 100-120 thous. ha. Accordingly, it is necessary to increase the production of seeds and grain of the culture that has to go, mainly due to higher yields. The theoretical basis for solving this problem is to know the influence of agro-ecological factors, not only on the growth and development of plants, but also on the formation of seed quality. So, in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia optimum: average temperature from 15.6 to 18.46 °C, relative humidity fromto 73.0 % moisture and resources from 79.3 to 105.3 mm that contribute to the formation of seeds with highsowing qualities. Analysis of agroclimatic conditions for the past 10 years showed that the most often (70 % out of 100 %) favorable weather conditions to produce high energy, germination, seed vigor fold with an average term of sowing (23-24.05).