Impact of cultivation minimization on soil hardness and spring wheat yield in the open part of the Krasnoyarsk region forest-steppe

The purpose of the study is to increase the productivity of arable land by improving the technology of cultivating spring wheat. Objectives: to evaluate the effect of plowing, minimum tillage with a disc implement and direct sowing with a stubble seeder on soil moisture dynamics, nutritional regime and spring wheat yield; to substantiate the effectiveness of energy-saving soil cultivation technology using a new vertical pin cultivator. The object of study is soil cultivation techniques in the forest-steppe zone of the temperate climatic zone of the Russian Federation in the Yemelyano District of the Krasnoyarsk Region. Geographical coordinates of the field station: 56°03' N, and 92°42' E. The method is field experience. A new technology for the cultivation of spring wheat is proposed. In the open part of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe on ordinary chernozem, an assessment of the effectiveness of the influence of traditional, minimal tillage and direct sowing on the level of spring wheat yield was made. It was revealed that the minimization of tillage and direct sowing contribute to the preservation of available moisture for sowing and the increased content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the soil in the middle of the growing season. It is noted that the use of resource-saving processing technologies significantly reduces production costs based on the assessment of the impact of traditional, minimal tillage and direct sowing on the agrophysical state of the soil and wheat productivity in the grain-fallow crop rotation. A vertical pin ripper was developed for tillage in autumn or spring before sowing a crop. Surface treatment with a completely new rotary unit after the application of mineral and organic fertilizers will help improve the efficiency of agricultural production. Two patents have been obtained for the technology of vertical pin tillage, concerning the method of processing and the device of the unit, which have significant differences from traditional loosening tools both in approaches to the loosening method and in design solutions.