The influence of seeding rates on agronomic biological, technological characteristics and yields varieties of winter triticale

The aim of the research conducted in 2008- 2011 in FSBI RIA Northern Trans-Ural region was in the selection of promising varieties of winter triti-cale, sowing rates providing stable yield, high tech-nological quality indicators in evaluating the effec-tiveness of cultivation of dark gray forest soils in the Northern forest-steppe of Trans-Ural region. Varie-ties of winter triticale Sirs-57, Tsekad-90, Bashkirskaya short, Antaeus, Hermes cultivated on fallows during the sowing time from 25 August to 1 September at seeding rates of 5, 7 and 9 mln sp./hectare of seeds germinating were studied. It was established that the studied varieties of winter triticale gave a lot of seedlings, provided for stable survival, and has formed a high grain yield 4.18-6.18 t/hectare. Grade Acad-90 in grain yield re-sponded weakly to the increase in the seeding rate of more than 5 mln sp./hectare At this rate of sow-ing high grain yield was obtained from varieties of Cecad-90 and Sears-57- 5.87 and 5.82 t/hectare. For most of the studied cultivars in the evaluation of productivity, gluten content and grain protein, the energy efficiency of cultivation of the most justified is the was seeding rate of 7 mln sp./hectare. The yield increase in this rate in comparison with the norm of 5 mln sp./hectare was 0.43 and 0.80 t/hectare or (of 7.4 to 19.1 %). Further increase of seeding rates is inappropriate. The most stable and high grain yield (5.91-6.25 t/hectare), energy effi- ciency (increment of gross energy 78.4-84.1 of gi-gajoules) with the seeding rate of 7 mln sp./hectare provided a variety of Sirs-57, Bashkirskaya short, Tsekad-90. The advantage of these varieties for yield was due to higher change of the ear (48-57 PCs), grain weight per plant (5.59-6.05 g).