The effect of soil heterogeneity and the introduction of an average rate of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat

The purpose of the researches was to establish the interval of variability of the content of N-NO3 in the layer of the soil of 0-40 cm on elementary sites of the field, its connection with the formation of productivity of spring wheat for the transition to differentiated introduction of ammonium nitrate in the off-line mode in the crops with using the systems of satellite navigation. On the option without introduction of mineral fertilizers internal field fluctuations of the content of nitrate nitrogen made 7.9-23.3 %. On the fields with high potential fertility of chernozem lixivious good productivity of spring wheat even without introduction of mineral fertilizers equal to 3.38-4.65 t/hectare was received. Thus fluctuations on elementary sites reached from 2.86 to 4.77 t/hectare. Between the content of N-NO3 in the layer of the soil of 0-40 cm before seeding and spring wheat productivity average and high correlation connection of r = 0.52-0.97 was established. Using fertilizers in traditional way (average norm in the field) reduced the variability of the content of nitrate nitrogen by 4.3-10.4 %, and the productivity of spring wheat against mineral fertilizers reached 3.69-4.98 t/hectare with fluctuations on elementary sites from 3.50 to 5.59 t/hectare. The correlation of productivity and the content of nitrate nitrogen had average connection (r = 0.49), and by the years the correlation was observed from weak (r = 0.13) to high (r =-0.91). The data of the researches testify to the expediency of the transition to differentiated introduction of nitric fertilizers on elementary sites in off-line mode using the systems of satellite navigation even on the fields with high potential fertility.