The influence of the duration of the service period on the indicators of dairy productivity in black-and-pested cows

Relevance. The main vector of development of modern dairy cattle breeding is all kinds of intensification of the industry; the most significant indicator is mainly the annual milk yield. At present, many farms and factories of the country have achieved high milk yield, however, along with increasing records in productivity, farms with an annual milk yield of 8 thousand to 9 thousand kg and more have a rather low profitability: as a rule, it does not exceed 8 -12%. This is due to the high costs of forming and maintaining the herd due to the rapid reduction in the duration of the use of highly productive animals and a decrease in the yield of young animals. [1,2] One of the dominant indicators of production efficiency and the most significant production factors is the service period. Each production worker has his own opinion about the optimal duration of the service period and its effect on the milk production of animals: some specialists try to shorten its time as much as possible and fertilize a cow in the first hunt, while others, on the contrary, inseminate animals in a period of 90-120 days. It should be noted that this indicator is one of the factors of further productive longevity of animals. [6] Currently, the prevailing opinion is that the best results are obtained with a lactation duration of 270 to 305 days, which corresponds to a service period of 45-80 days), and with a longer lactation, milk yield per productive day decreases. Speaking of artificially shortening or lengthening the service period in order to achieve maximum milk yield from animals, one cannot exclude the existing pattern: a long service period is often a consequence of a high level of cow productivity, since one cannot deny the suppression of the action of follicle-stimulating hormones by milk production hormones. [3]