The effect of different soil treatment and funds of intensification on the productivity of grain crops

Increasing production efficiency of grain of spring wheat and barley involves improving the technology of their cultivation, including the optimi-zation of the basic soil cultivation, which accounts for 40 % of labor and energy costs. Research and practice show that plowing is not always the best reception tillage because now the range of plant protection products is expanded and the volume of mineral fertilizers is increased. The goal was set: to study the effectiveness of various methods of the basic soil processing at different levels of intensifi-cation of the productivity of crops. The studies were conducted in the growing season in 2016 on the lands of "Training farm ‘Minderlinskoe’" Su-khobuzimsky area. We studied the influence of methods of basic soil cultivation on the number and species composition of weeds in spring wheat and barley at different levels of intensification, plant density, the elements of the structure of crop yield and bioenergy efficiency. All major tillage was con-ducted on grain precursor. Treatments included four types of primary tillage: plowing, plane cutting processing, surface treatment, direct seeding under zero tillage. Reducing the depth and intensity of the main cultivation leads to the deterioration in the phytosanitary situation of cereal crops. By harvest-ing quantitative composition of weeds does not ex-ceed economic threshold. In fertilized variants the increase in contamination and mass was shown. According to plane cutting processing and direct seeding into stubble raw yield of spring wheat was grown without fertilizers to control at 2.5-2.7 c / hec-tare. Surface treatment was done with plane cutter in spring wheat yielded control. The option without tillage for barley was less productive. Other options in the barley crops were not different in terms of yield. The highest growing gross energy and the energy efficiency ratio were marked by direct sow-ing crops in untreated stubble. The use of ammoni-um nitrate in cultivation of barley and spring wheat are not compensated by the energy in the crop.