Herbs and mineral fertilizers composition influence on the perennial herbs yield on peat soils

Perennial grasses play an important role in the rational use of the fertility of drained peat soils. The study of the yield of perennial grasses in pure crops, simple and complex grass mixtures, depending on the norms and timing of the application of mineral fertilizers, was carried out in 2016-2018 in the Ernyakul lowland bog in the subtaiga zone of the Northern Trans-Urals. The soils of the experimental plot are represented by low-ash (4.7-5.2 %) sedge-reed peatland with a degree of decomposition of 10-35 % in the upper horizons (0-0.4 m); the reaction of the medium is slightly acidic 5.6-6.2, relatively low hydrolytic acidity - 21.2-31.5 mg-eq/100 g of soil, relatively low degree of saturation with bases - 77.4-84.9 %; high nitrogen content 2.73-3.08, low content of phosphorus 0.08-0.16 and potassium 0.02-0.05 %. As a result of research, it was found that the awnless rump in a clean, uncovered sowing against the background of P60K90 forms the maximum (4.71 t/ha) hay yield compared to meadow timothy grass (3.89 t/ha), reed-like dwarf grass (2.19 t/ha). ha) and meadow foxtail (4.59 t/ha). Among the two-species grass mixtures, the highest yield (5.37 t/ha) of hay was obtained with the joint sowing of awnless brome and red clover. Timothy-rump grass mixture takes the second place (4.29 t/ha). Multicomponent grass mixtures did not show their advantages over sowing grasses in their pure form and in simple mixtures. The introduction of 60 kg of a.i./ha of nitrogen on a phosphorus-potassium background P60K90 increases the yield of hay in pure crops of perennial grasses from 1.8 to 2.8 t/ha, two-species grass mixtures - from 2.2 to 2.8 t/ha , multicomponent - from 2.3 to 2.6 t/ha. Spring application of mineral fertilizers increases the yield of grasses by 41.2 % compared to autumn. The maximum yield of grasses is formed during early spring feeding with N30P45K60 and immediately after the first mowing.