Influence of the sowing method, seeding rate on the buckwheat varieties seeds reproduction rate in the forest-steppe zone of the South-Minusinsk district

The purpose of the study is to reveal the significance of the seeding rate and the sowing method in the formation of the seed multiplication factor in buckwheat varieties in the forest-steppe zone of the South Minusinsk District. Object of study: 2 varieties of buckwheat (Zemlyachka, Zhdanka), 2 sowing methods (row - row spacing 15 cm; inter-row - 30 cm) and 3 seeding rates (2.5; 1.8 and 1.2 million viable seeds per 1 ha ). Significant differences were obtained in the coefficient of seed multiplication between varieties: the variety Zhdanka showed 7 units more of the studied indicator than Zemlyachka. Vegetation conditions cause a significant variation in the seed multiplication factor over the years. The amplitude of its variability ranged from 33.9 (2019) to 57 (2020). According to the sowing method, the inter-row sowing method (45.6) stood out in comparison with the ordinary one (42.8). Strong differences in the multiplication factor were revealed when sowing seeds of all 3 norms. The highest value of the multiplication factor was established at a seeding rate of 1.2 million (58.2), the lowest - 2.5 million (30.8) viable seeds per 1 ha. Differences in the contribution of the studied factors to the variability of the multiplication factor of seeds of buckwheat varieties were determined. Variety Zemlyachka is characterized by a greater share of influence on the variability of this indicator of the seeding rate (62.7 %), the sowing method (4.0 %), the interaction of factors “years × sowing methods × seeding rates”. The phenotypic variability of the coefficient in the variety Zhdanka mainly depends on the vegetation conditions (46.4 %) and the seeding rate (45.8 %). A positive correlation was found for the seed multiplication factor for both varieties with the number of grains (r = 0.882-0.917), the percentage of flowers sold into grains (r = 0.448-0.953). The number of plants per unit area has a negative contribution to the seed multiplication factor (r = -0.747…-0.817). The genotypic features in the formation of the seed multiplication factor were determined.