The influence of chemicals on the content of heavy metals, fluorine in the soils and the quality of plant production in JSC "Iskra" and agricultural firm "Uchumskaya" of Uzhursky district of Central Siberia

JSC "Iskra "and Agrofirm" Uchumskaya " are located in the Chulym-Yenisei forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Region and specialize in the receiving of crop and livestock products. The structure of the soil cover is dominated by leached and ordinary chernozems; small areas are occupied by gray forest and intrasonal soils. The peculiarity of the soil cover of the farms is significant complexity, shortening of the accumulative horizon, reduced degree of podzolization of gray forest soils. Farm soils are characterized by high content of humus, neutral reaction of the medium, a low and medium content of nitrate nitrogen and high exchange rate of potassium. The availability of mobile phosphorus in arable soils ranges from medium to high. In accordance with the zonal recommendations, mineral, organic fertilizers and pesticides are used in the cultivation of cereals and forage crops. The productivity of spring wheat, barley, oats, corn for silage, annual and perennial grasses in 2016-2018 depended on the soil fertility, availability of mobile forms of nutrients, the level of fertilizer application, climatic conditions, moisture availability of crops and biological characteristics of crops. Average yields of wheat grain range from 31.1 to 38.9 c / hectare; barley - 42.3-49.3 c/hectare; oats - 37.3-59.0 c/hectare; corn - 268.9; annual grasses - 130.0 c/hectare; perennial grasses for hay - 31.1 C / hectare. The fertilizers and pesticides applied did not affect the content and distribution of heavy metals in the soils of agricultural land. The total content of cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, chromium nickel, cadmium, lead, mercury and water-soluble fluorine in the soils slightly differed from the background concentration of these elements in the agrocenoses of Krasnoyarsk Territory. During the survey of the soil, no contamination with heavy metals was found. The use of fertilizers and pesticides did not have any negative impact on the quality of agricultural crops. The concentration of toxic elements, pesticides and radionuclides in the field crop yield was at the level of sanitary standards adopted in Russia.