Influence of sowing dates on protein content and yield of spring triticale varieties in the Pre-Baikal region

The aim of the study is to establish the effect of sowing time on the protein content and grain yield of zoned and promising varieties of spring triticale. The study was carried out on the experimental fi of the Irkutsk Research Institute of Agriculture in 2016-2018. The experiment used 8 varieties of spring triticale: UKRO, Carmen, Amigo, Zaozerie, Normann, Grebeshok, Rovnya, Dobroe. Sowing dates: early (end of the fi decade of May); medium (middle of the second decade of May); late (end of the third decade of May). The soil of the experimental plot is gray forest, heavy loamy, the reaction of the soil environment is 4.1-4.4. The predecessor is annual grasses for grain haylage. The total area of the plot is 25 m2. Replication is threefold. The seeding rate is 7 million germinating grains per hectare. Field experiment, observation, selection of plant samples for chemical analysis, as well as yield accounting were carried out according to generally accepted methods. It was revealed that in order to increase the protein content, it is advisable to sow all the studied varieties of spring triticale at a later date (the end of the third decade of May). At these dates, the studied varieties correspond to the second class in terms of protein content, and the varieties Carmen, Amigo, Zaozerye, Grebeshok, Rovnya, UKRO - to the fi class. The largest collection of protein from one hectare, regardless of the sowing time, is consistently provided by the UKRO variety (up to 4.6 c/ha).Under equal cultivation conditions for these varieties, the yield of protein is more infl by the yield of the variety than the protein content in it. In case of need for early sowing dates (the end of the fi decade of May), such varieties as UKRO, Rovnya, Amigo, Zaozerye provide higher protein content. The large variability of different varieties of spring triticale, both in terms of yield and grain quality, indicates that this crop can be used for various purposes during sowing throughout the entire May period, in contrast to traditional grain crops of the region, for which the sowing period is limited to decades.