The effect of lead and cadmium on the yield and quality of soybeans

The research objective was to establish the in-fluence of different content of gross and mobile forms of lead and cadmium in the soil on the productivity and quality of soy. The research prob-lem was to reveal the relation of availability of lead and cadmium in the bodies of plants depending on the concentration of the toxicant in the soil. The researches were conducted in the conditions of Primorsky Region on experimental field FSBRI "Primorsky RIA" in 2014-2015. The scheme of the experiment provides the options with preliminary creation of backgrounds of different saturation of the soil with lead and cadmium, different doses of fertilizers. The experiment was held in small plots, with the block arrangement of options in 4-fold fre-quency. The size of an allotment was 4 m2, lateral and trailer protective strips on 0.6 m. The back-grounds according to the content of metals in the soil were created by introduction of CdSO4 and Pb (NO3) water solutions in the doses of d.v. exceed-ing twice (dose 1) and four times (dose 2) the max-imum permissible concentration (MPC) for the soil. Maximum concentration limits for cadmium in the soil were established on the basis of background values of gross forms of metal for soils in Primorsky Region, and lead - on the norms the Sanitary regu-lations and norms 4266-87. Direct link between the maintenance of toxicant in the soil and their exist-ence in crop elements was established. The excess of maximum concentration limit of gross and mobile forms of lead and cadmium in the soil influences the decrease in productivity in direct dependence on concentration of toxicant. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in high doses increases the productivity of soy and respectively reduces the toxicity of lead and cadmium. Between the content of cadmium in the soil and the existence of it in the crop there is a direct link (r = 0.7). The application of fertilizers promotes the growth of cadmium intake in plants and the reduction of its concentration in the soil. Lead removal from the soil in non-commodity production of soy is a good sign of its detoxication in the soil in the conditions of achievement of big yield of grain crops.