Influence of the level of mineral nutrition on the elements of the structure of the yield of spring wheat in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals

The purpose of the research is to study the yield of spring wheat and its elements of the yield structure in different agricultural backgrounds. The study was carried out in the foreststeppe zone of the Tyumen Region at the experimental site of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Agrarian University of the Northern TransUrals in the period 2018-2020. Soil is leached lowpower heavy loamy chernozem. The sown crop is spring wheat, variety “Novosibirskaya 29”. Experiment scheme: control (without fertilization); application of mineral fertilizers to the planned yield: by 3.0 t/ha of grain N40P75; 4.0 - N95P110;5.0 - N150P200 and 6.0 t/ha - N185P160 kg of active ingredient. Over the years of research on the natural agro background, the yield of spring wheat varied from 1.85 to 2.24 t/ha. Mineral nutrition by 3.0 t/ha of grain provided the formation of an increase for t/ha of grain relative to the control. The introduction of mineral fertilizers to obtain the planned yield of 4.0 t/ha of grain also made it possible to obtain the actual yield. In 2018 and 2019 it was 4.35 and 4.01, respectively, in 2020 - 4.45, which is 0.45 t/ha (11 %) higher than the unfertilized option. A systematic and scientifically grounded approach to the use of mineral fertilizers makes it possible to consistently obtain the planned yield of up to 5.0 t/ha of grain. Higher yields are associated with risks due to the climate in the region. The yield of spring wheat is formed due to additional tillering (r = 0.91), the formation of productive shoots (r = 0.87) and the mass of 1000 grains (r = 0.89). Obtaining yields of more than 5.0 t/ha of grain requires the use of intensive wheat varieties that are resistant to fluctuations in soil temperature and moisture.