Environmental factors impact on the intervals duration between phenophases of vetch cultivars in Moscow region conditions

The purpose of the study: based on 16-year data of testing standard varieties Nemchinovskaya 72 and Vera in the conditions of the Moscow Region, to evaluate the influence of weather factors on the interannual variability of the duration of interphase periods in common vetch. An assessment was made of the variation in the duration of the sowing-germination, seedling-flowering, sowing-flowering, and flowering-ripening periods and weather indicators during these periods. The linear correlations of the duration of interphase periods with the average air temperature, the amount of precipitation and the average length of the day during these periods are estimated. Due to the multiple influence of weather factors on phenological indicators, the Pearson pair correlation coefficients showed medium and weak correlations of traits, and the multiple correlation coefficients showed medium and high values. The duration of all interphase periods decreased with an increase in the average air temperature. An increase in daylight hours accelerated flowering and seed maturation. The increase in precipitation slowed down the emergence of seedlings and seed maturation, but stimulated flowering. The influence of the duration of the period from sowing to the emergence of seedlings and weather conditions during this period on the phenology of common vetch has been established. The variability of the duration of the sowing-flowering period is 1.6-2.7 times lower compared to the sowing-sprouting and sprout-flowering periods that make it up. This phenomenon is due to the negative correlation between the duration of the sowing-emergence and emergence-flowering periods. When analyzing the scheme of the relationship of factors, it was found that both varieties showed a wide range of physiological adaptations that determine the timing of flowering: sensitivity to vernalization and photoperiod, as well as dependence on the temperature regime and moisture supply during the sowing-flowering period. The cumulative effect of the average air temperature, the amount of precipitation and the average length of the day on the duration of the flowering-ripening period was established.