Influence of environment on development of quantitative traits and action of genetics systems in spring soft wheat

One of the methods to increase grain harvesting index is a change of action of genetics systems of assimilate attraction into ear and its re-distribution between kernel and chaff by correct selection of parent pairs. Aim of the work - to estimate contribution of morphological and economic valuable traits in yield capacity; to estimate action of physiological-genetics systems in wheat varieties. Object of the work was eleven varieties of spring soft wheat from competitive nursery of Federal Agricultural Scientific Center of North-East. Twenty plants of each variety from four field replications were used for analysis. According to air temperature and amount of precipitations, growing season of 2016 was estimated as dry, and of 2017 - as over-moistened one. Significant influence of genotype is detected on all studied parameters but the highest - on plant mass. Environmental factors determined plant height and grain harvesting index. Genotype x year interaction had not any significant influence on traits’ change. In 2016, yield capacity correlated with whole plant mass, its height and leaf area. Grain harvesting index was high in all genotypes and correlation with yield capacity was insignificant. Under over-moistened conditions (2017) link of yield capacity with main stem productivity and grain part in biological harvest become stronger. Under conditions of moistened year, effectiveness of action of genetics systems of adaptivity and attraction was increased. Under dry conditions, higher inter-varietal polymorphism in genes of attraction was marked. Perspective varieties were selected which increased re-distribution of assimilates from stem into ear under over-moistened conditions: С-65, С-122; kept high level of traits independently to growing conditions: С-65, С-64, С-84, and С-103. Donors of tolerance to overcrowding were detected: Margarita, С-65, С-64, and С-84. Variety С-65 was the best component for crossing with aim to increasing grain mass per unit of square under dry conditions, but under over-moistened conditions - as variety combined the best genes of three genetics systems simultaneously - adaptivity, attraction, and tolerance to overcrowding.