The influence of drought on the economically valuable signs of spring soft wheat in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Kurgan region

The reaction of spring soft wheat varieties to the ambiguity of weather conditions, which appeared during the years of research (2018-2020), was studied. Against the background of an acute shortage of precipitation during the growing season of 2020, an assessment of the drought resistance of varieties was carried out. In the stressful conditions (drought) of the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals, the varieties of various origins and ripeness groups with high yield indicators, weight of 1000 grains, nature and completeness of grain were identified for their use in practice and in breeding work. The research was carried out in the wheat breeding laboratory of the Kurgan ARI - branch of FSBSI UrFASRC, UrB of RAS. In the early-maturing group, under the conditions of the 2020 drought, the contribution to the yield of plant height (r = 0.3), grain nature and the mass of 1000 grains (r = 0.5, 0.3) increased. According to the size of the grain nature, the following varieties are distinguished: Memory of Odintsova, Saratovskaya 75, Lyubava 5, Orenburg jubilee, Kinelskaya 2010 (741-775 g/l). Medium-ripened varieties in the conditions of 2020 ripened faster by 4 days, while reducing the height of the straw by 29.7 cm. The varieties of the late-maturing group formed a large and glassy grain compared to the more early-maturing varieties. For breeding work, according to their precocity the following varieties were selected: Fora, Novosibirsk 15, Kurgan 524, Chelyaba early, Novosibirsk 16, Maltsevskaya 110, Memory of Odintsova; according to the yield and drought resistance: Novosibirsk 18, Steppe 259, Primorskaya 39, LD-25, Ulyanovsk 100, Ekada 113, Ekada 148, SPCHS-69, L-3/04-21-11. The sources of grain size were identified: Omsk 36, Stolypinskaya 2, Bulyak, Leader 80, KVS Jestrim; vitreousness: Novosibirsk 41, Lyubava 5, Ekada 113, Alexandrit, Omsk 43. In the conditions of drought, the varieties of the medium-early and medium-ripe groups of ripeness formed a higher yield than the early-maturing and late-maturing varieties.